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    <title>Mangalam Regulation Desk — new documents</title>
    <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations</link>
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    <description>New DGMS circulars, gazette notifications, rules and drafts for Indian coal mining, as they are added to the Mangalam Regulation Desk.</description>
    <language>en-in</language>
    <lastBuildDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 18:30:00 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <item>
      <title>Draft Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2026 — mining-plan compliance and suspension (G.S.R. 865(E))</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/draft-colliery-control-amendment-rules-2026-gsr-865e</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Draft</category>
      <description>Published by the Ministry of Coal as G.S.R. 865(E), dated 1 October 2026, for 30 days of public comment. The draft adds definitions (Coal Superintendent, Deputy Coal Controller, Regional Head, Surveyor, mine closure, mine closure plan, mining plan) and a rule 2A on the jurisdiction of the Coal Controller's officers. New rule 9A makes the Coal Controller, or an officer authorised by the Coal Controller, the competent authority on compliance with the mining plan, except on matters governed by DGMS or other statutory regulators. Rule 9B bars mining operations except in accordance with the approved mining plan: the authority may direct a violation to be rectified, then issue a 15-day show-cause notice and suspend all or part of the operations — at once where public safety, the environment or imminent harm require it. Rule 9C requires the company Board (or the owner, if not a company) to file an annual declaration that all mining was carried out as per the approved mining plan and all applicable laws. A new rule 17 allows revision of rule 9B orders within 30 days, with a fee of ₹10,000. IMPORTANT: this is a DRAFT and is NOT in force.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Colliery Control (Second Amendment) Rules, 2026 — penalty (rule 13)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/colliery-control-second-amendment-rules-2026</link>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Ministry of Coal</category>
      <description>Notified as G.S.R. 797(E) on 9 September 2026 under section 18 of the MMDR Act 1957, following the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2026, which decriminalised contraventions of rules made under the MMDR Act. It substitutes rule 13 (Penalty) of the Colliery Control Rules, 2004: whoever contravenes the rules is now liable to a penalty under sections 25A and 25B of the MMDR Act and the rules made under them, the Mines and Minerals Adjudication of Penalties Rules, 2026. It takes effect on publication in the Official Gazette.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 13 of 2026 — Management of spares for DGMS-approved mining equipment</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-13-2026-management-of-approved-equipment-spares</link>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of all mines. Companion to Circular 08 of 2026, dealing with how spares for DGMS-approved mining equipment are managed once procured, so that approved equipment retains the safety and functional integrity on which its approval was granted. Restates that approval covers the equipment as a complete system, including components, sub-assemblies and safety-critical parts, under regulation 208(3) of the Coal Mines Regulations 2017, which requires all apparatus and appliances to be maintained in a safe working condition and in accordance with the conditions of approval. Notes that failures of non-genuine components may remain undetected or cause catastrophic breakdown, a serious threat in underground and opencast mines where heavy machinery works under demanding conditions.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 14 of 2026 — Guidelines for the use of permitted e-Detonators in underground mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-14-2026-e-detonator-underground-guidelines</link>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all mine owners, agents and managers. Follows the Government's concern at the dangerous nature of electric detonators and the frequent seizure of illicit explosives, and the DPIIT Gazette notification S.O. 4255(E) of 29 September 2023 on their phased discontinuation, which pushed the industry towards trackable electronic alternatives. Electronic detonators are fully programmable devices containing a circuit board that can be set to initiate at a precisely defined time in a firing sequence; they are programmed with a handheld logger or programmer and fired through an e-Exploder, and carry traceability and security features including manufacturer-specific software, password-protected access and user authentication that reduce the possibility of unauthorised initiation. The circular distinguishes pre-programmed fixed-delay detonators, whose delay is set at the factory and cannot be changed by the user, from programmable-delay detonators set before blasting, and lays down the guidelines for using permitted electronic detonators in underground mines.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 15 of 2026 — Guidelines for handling and use of e-Exploders in underground mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-15-2026-e-exploder-underground-guidelines</link>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all mine owners, agents and managers. An electronic exploder is the device, or set of devices, that provides logging, continuity testing and blasting functions with the authorisation needed for safe use, and is used exclusively to communicate with electronic detonators over a protocol compatible only with a corresponding type of detonator built on the same system architecture. Standards for the e-Detonator were notified as IS 18462:2023 and for the e-Exploder as IS 19359:2026, with testing standards for permitted e-Exploders notified through DGMS (Tech.)/S&amp;T/Circular (Approval) No. 7 of 14 August 2026. The circular requires the e-Exploder to be uniform in design and construction and to conform strictly to IS 19359:2026 with no deviation from the design parameters, and sets out the technical specifications, compliance requirements and handling guidelines for use in underground mines.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Legislative) Circular 06 of 2026 — Corrigendum to the training scheme guidelines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-legis-circular-06-2026-training-scheme-corrigendum</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all owners, agents and managers of coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Corrects a typographical error in DGMS (Legislative) Circular 01 of 2026 dated 25 August 2026, which specifies the guidelines for preparation of the training scheme under rule 157(1) of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Central) Rules 2026. At paragraph 3.5.1 of that circular the sub-title &quot;Initial Training (24)&quot; is to be read as &quot;Initial Training (30)&quot;. All remaining parts of the circular are unchanged.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 10 of 2026 — OEM spares in approved electrical equipment, and preserving flameproof and intrinsic safety protection</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-10-2026-oem-spares-flameproof-intrinsic-safety</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of all mines. Electrical equipment used in hazardous areas is approved with specific methods of protection — flameproof (FLP) and intrinsic safety (IS) under the IS/IEC 60079 series — and that approval covers the equipment as a complete system, including components, sub-assemblies, protective circuits and safety-critical parts, subject to regulation 208(3) of the Coal Mines Regulations 2017. Inspections and manufacturer complaints found non-OEM, non-OPM and unauthorised spares fitted to DGMS-approved electrical equipment, including protective and control circuit devices such as relays, current transformers, interposing relays, contactors, sensors, electronic modules and associated devices. The circular warns that such substitution compromises the flameproof integrity of enclosures and the intrinsic safety protection philosophy, and directs that only OEM, OPM or authorised spares be used.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 11 of 2026 — Rock mass classification and support/slope design in metalliferous mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-11-2026-rock-mass-classification-metalliferous</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of METALLIFEROUS mines. Geotechnical assessment, safe support and slope design and the monitoring of stability are an integral part of mine planning, but in Indian mining conditions support and slope design and their monitoring is not yet standardised, and no broad guideline existed for the use of rock mass classifications and support/slope designs in metalliferous mines. Following a workshop on rock mass classifications and support in metal mines organised by DGMS and IIT Kharagpur at Jaipur on 28 November 2025, attended by about 80 officials and experts from regulatory authorities, academic institutions, research organisations and the mining industry, these guidelines were finalised for improving the stability of workings in metalliferous mines.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 12 of 2026 — Employment of women in mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-12-2026-employment-of-women-in-mines</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to the owner, agent and manager of all mines and to manufacturers of mining equipment and appliances. Sets out the special provisions on the employment of women that apply to mines under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020, in force from 21 November 2025 [S.O. 5321(E)]. Section 43 entitles women to be employed in all establishments for all types of work, and permits their employment with their consent before 6 a.m. and beyond 7 p.m. subject to prescribed conditions on safety, holidays and working hours. Section 44 allows the appropriate Government, where it considers the employment of women dangerous to their health and safety in a hazardous or dangerous process, to require the employer to provide adequate safeguards first. The circular reads these with rule 83 on the employment of women in an establishment and rule 84 on adequate safety in dangerous operations under the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, in force from 8 May 2026, and with the earlier DGMS (Legis.) Circular 02 of 24 May 2019 on framing SOPs for the employment of women.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Legislative) Circular 02 of 2026 — Appellate authority, composition of offences, penalty officers and belowground working hours</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-legis-circular-02-2026-appellate-authority-penalties-working-hours</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all owners, agents and managers of coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Transmits the Gazette notifications made under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020, which came into force on 21 November 2025, covering the appointment of the appellate authority for mines [S.O. 2488(E), section 111(3)], the officer for composition of offences within their jurisdiction [S.O. 2490(E), section 114(1)] and the officers empowered to impose penalties [S.O. 2504(E), section 111(1)], all published on 13 May 2026. The circular also covers the appointment of Inspectors-cum-Facilitators of mines subordinate to the Chief Inspector-cum-Facilitator, and the limits on working hours — not more than eight hours per shift for persons employed belowground, and not more than five hours of continuous work without an interval of at least half an hour.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Legislative) Circular 03 of 2026 — Notices for initial and periodical medical examination</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-legis-circular-03-2026-medical-examination-notices</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all owners, agents and managers of coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Transmits the Gazette notifications made under rule 111 of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Central) Rules 2026, all published on 7 July 2026: the notice an employer must issue to the person to be examined and send to the examination authority [G.S.R. 605(E), rule 111(1)]; the form of the notice of periodical medical examination to be issued by a manager [G.S.R. 603(E), rule 111(2)]; and the form of the further notice a manager must give where the person failed to attend the medical examination without reasonable cause [G.S.R. 604(E), rule 111(4)].</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Legislative) Circular 04 of 2026 — Rescue station and rescue room standards, apparatus testing and rescue training</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-legis-circular-04-2026-rescue-station-standards</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all owners, agents and managers of coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Transmits the Gazette notifications made under rules 131, 140, 141 and 152 of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Central) Rules 2026 covering the standards for apparatus and equipment to be provided and maintained at rescue stations and rescue rooms, including the minimum number to be held for immediate use [G.S.R. 571(E), rule 131(1)] and the apparatus required at the entrance of a belowground mine where no rescue room is located [G.S.R. 572(E), rule 131(2)], both published on 1 July 2026. It also covers the procedures for testing breathing and resuscitating apparatus, flow meters and oxygen purity, the standards for initial and refresher training and practice for rescue-trained persons, and the medical examination of persons selected for rescue and recovery training.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Legislative) Circular 05 of 2026 — Training centre standards, staff qualifications and refresher-training exemption</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-legis-circular-05-2026-training-centre-standards</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all owners, agents and managers of coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Transmits the Gazette notifications made under rules 160, 163, 164, 165, 169, 172, 173 and 176 of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Central) Rules 2026, published on 10 July 2026, covering the conditions on which a mine may be exempted from imparting refresher training during normal working hours on the full-day release system [G.S.R. 617(E), rule 160], the infrastructure and facilities a training centre must provide [G.S.R. 618(E), rule 163(3)] and the application proforma and fee applicable to all training centres [G.S.R. 619(E), rule 163(4)]. It also covers the forms and standards for training centres, the qualification and experience required of the training officer, instructors and trainers, and the training allowance payable.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 08 of 2026 — Procurement of spares for DGMS-approved mining equipment</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-08-2026-procurement-of-approved-equipment-spares</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of all mines. DGMS approves mining equipment as a complete system, including its components, sub-assemblies and safety-critical parts, and regulation 208(3) of the Coal Mines Regulations 2017 requires that all apparatus and appliances be maintained in a safe working condition and in accordance with the conditions of approval. Inspections, audits and incident analyses found spares other than those supplied by the Original Equipment Manufacturer or Original Part Manufacturer, or their authorised dealers, being fitted to approved equipment. The circular sets out the consequences — reduced mechanical strength and load-bearing capacity, failure of braking and safety systems, improper functioning of hydraulic and transmission systems, excessive wear, misalignment and vibration, and failure of interlocks and safety devices — and directs how spares are to be procured so that approved equipment retains its safety and functional integrity.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 09 of 2026 — Carbon Phase Transition Rock Breaking Technique (CPTBT) in opencast mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-09-2026-cptbt-rock-breaking-opencast</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of coal and metalliferous OPENCAST mines. The Carbon Phase Transition Rock Breaking Technique, a carbon-dioxide-based blast-free method, uses the rapid phase transition and expansion of liquid CO2 into gas inside a high-pressure tube placed in a borehole to fracture the surrounding rock mass without conventional explosives. Trials at one Indian mine were encouraging. Because no detonation is involved, induced ground vibration and the risk of fly rock are substantially reduced, making the technique useful where structures or sensitive installations lie within the danger zone of blasting, and where hot strata or similar conditions make premature initiation of explosives a risk. The circular sets out the technical guidelines mine management must follow when adopting CPTBT in opencast mines.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Legislative) Circular 01 of 2026 — Guidelines for preparation of the training scheme</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-legis-circular-01-2026-training-scheme-guidelines</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all owners, agents and managers of coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Specifies, under rule 157(1) of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Central) Rules 2026, the guidelines every mine employer must follow when preparing the training scheme for persons employed or to be employed in the mine. The scheme must set out the framework and modality for training under rules 158, 159, 161 and 162 at a training centre established under rule 163, and must cover the training modules, the minimum number of theory sessions, practicals and demonstrations, on-the-job training and their durations, assessment of training needs, post-training evaluation, certification, record-keeping and the auditing of those records. Read with the corrigendum at Circular 06 of 2026, which corrects the initial-training hours.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular (Approval) 07 of 2026 — Testing standards for permitted e-Exploders in underground mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-07-2026-e-exploder-testing-standards</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to all mine owners, agents and managers, to manufacturers of e-Exploders and e-Detonators, and to the institutions that test them. Following the DPIIT Gazette notification S.O. 4255(E) of 29 September 2023 on the phased discontinuation of electric detonators, the industry had to move to electronic detonator and exploder systems, but with no guidelines or standards for the construction, testing and use of an e-Exploder no approved device was available to fire e-Detonators in underground coal mines — a situation that threatened to halt underground production. DGMS constituted a committee including CSIR-CIMFR, IIT-ISM, CIL, CMPDIL and explosives manufacturers to prepare these guidelines, which set the testing standards for permitted e-Exploders for use in underground coal mines and in gassy underground metalliferous mines where regulation 142 of the Metalliferous Mines Regulations 1961 applies.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 06 of 2026 — Submission of accurate and complete Annual Returns</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-06-2026-accurate-annual-returns</link>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of all coal, metalliferous and oil mines. Scrutiny of the Annual Returns submitted by mine managements found many to be incomplete, incorrect or internally inconsistent, which degrades the national mines database and frustrates meaningful statistical analysis. The circular sets out the common discrepancies found — among them an incorrect or incomplete owner name and abbreviated company names — and requires managements to submit accurate and complete returns, since DGMS relies on this data to monitor safety and health performance, analyse accident and occupational-disease trends and target regulatory action.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2026 — prior approval to open a coal mine, seam or section</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/colliery-control-amendment-rules-2026</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Ministry of Coal</category>
      <description>Notified as G.S.R. 710(E) on 6 August 2026 under section 18 of the MMDR Act 1957, this amendment substitutes rule 9 of the Colliery Control Rules, 2004 and takes effect on publication. No colliery owner may open a coal mine, a seam or a section of a seam without the prior approval of the company's Board (or, for a statutory corporation, its governing authority); owners that are neither must obtain the Coal Controller Organisation's approval instead. In granting approval the Board must satisfy itself that every requisite permission and compliance is in place, and an intimation must reach the Coal Controller Organisation within fifteen days of opening. Sub-rule (3) applies the same requirement to restarting a mine, seam or section where operations have been discontinued for 180 days or more, and the Coal Controller Organisation maintains an indicative list of the permissions required.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 05 of 2026 — Safety measures for trucks, tippers, dumpers and OTR tyre handling</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-05-2026-transport-machinery-otr-tyre-safety</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of all coal and metalliferous mines. Citing an alarming rise in accidents involving wheeled trackless transportation machinery — dumpers, tippers and trucks — DGMS notes that over 2023-2025 such machinery accounted for 39 of the fatal accidents in coal mines (33%), and that in 2026 up to 31 July it accounted for 36% of coal-mine fatal accidents. The circular strengthens the required safety measures for operating this machinery and for off-the-road (OTR) tyre handling operations.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 04 of 2026 — System capacitive current in restricted neutral power supply in mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-04-2026-system-capacitive-current</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to owners, agents and managers of all mines. Citing a rising trend of electrical accidents — seven lives lost and four serious injuries in 2025 alone — DGMS requires the system capacitive current to be taken into account in restricted-neutral power-supply systems, and calls for a review of electrical safety management alongside strict compliance with Regulation 103(1) of the CEA (Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations, 2023.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 617(E) — Conditions to exempt a mine from refresher training on full-day release</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-617-2026-refresher-training-exemption</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies the conditions under which a mine may be exempted from holding refresher training during normal working hours on the full-day-release system, under the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 618(E) — Approval of training centres established under other laws</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-618-2026-training-centre-approval-other-laws</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Sets out how a training centre established under a law other than the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020 may be approved for the purposes of mine vocational training.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 619(E) — Application proforma and fee for training centres under other laws</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-619-2026-training-centre-application-proforma-fee</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Prescribes, under rule 163(4) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the proforma and the fee for applications submitted by training centres established under laws other than the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 620(E) — Staff, equipment and facilities at a Vocational Training Centre</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-620-2026-vtc-staff-and-equipment</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-620-2026-vtc-staff-and-equipment</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 165(1) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the staff, equipment and other facilities a Vocational Training Centre must provide.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 621(E) — Qualification and experience of a Vocational Training Centre's Training Officer</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-621-2026-vtc-training-officer-qualification</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-621-2026-vtc-training-officer-qualification</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 165(1) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the qualification and experience required of the whole-time Training Officer of a Vocational Training Centre.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 622(E) — Qualification, training and experience of Vocational Training Centre instructors</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-622-2026-vtc-instructor-qualification</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-622-2026-vtc-instructor-qualification</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 169 of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026 and on the recommendation of the committee constituted under that rule, the qualification, training and experience required of instructors and trainers at Vocational Training Centres.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 623(E) — Training allowance payable to persons under training</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-623-2026-training-allowance</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-623-2026-training-allowance</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 172(1) and (2) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026 and on the recommendation of the committee constituted under that rule, the training allowance payable to persons undergoing training.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 625(E) — Forms for issue of the Certificate of Training</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-625-2026-certificate-of-training-forms</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-625-2026-certificate-of-training-forms</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 173(1) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the Forms in which the Certificate of Training is issued.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 626(E) — Form of notice of closure or discontinuance of a Vocational Training Centre</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-626-2026-vtc-closure-notice-form</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-626-2026-vtc-closure-notice-form</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Prescribes the Form of the notice to be given when a Vocational Training Centre is closed or discontinued, under the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 603(E) — Form of notice of periodical medical examination</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-603-2026-periodical-medical-exam-notice</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-603-2026-periodical-medical-exam-notice</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Prescribes, under rule 111(2) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the form of the notice of periodical medical examination that a manager must give to the person to be examined; the notice is also sent to the examining authority.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 604(E) — Form of second notice of medical examination</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-604-2026-second-medical-exam-notice</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-604-2026-second-medical-exam-notice</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Prescribes, under rule 111(4) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the form of the second notice of medical examination a manager must issue where a person has failed to attend the examination without reasonable cause.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 605(E) — Form of notice of initial medical examination</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-605-2026-initial-medical-exam-notice</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-605-2026-initial-medical-exam-notice</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Prescribes, under rule 111(1) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the form of the notice of initial medical examination that an employer must give to the person to be examined.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 571(E) — Apparatus and equipment to be maintained at rescue stations and rescue rooms</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-571-2026-rescue-station-equipment</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-571-2026-rescue-station-equipment</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 131(1) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the apparatus and equipment that must be provided and kept ready for immediate use at a rescue station and rescue room — including breathing apparatus, absorbent charges, resuscitating apparatus, testing devices and flame safety lamps, with minimum quantities for each.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 572(E) — Rescue apparatus at the entrance of a belowground mine with no rescue room</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-572-2026-belowground-entrance-rescue-equipment</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-572-2026-belowground-entrance-rescue-equipment</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 131(2) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the apparatus and equipment to be provided and maintained at the entrance of a belowground mine where no rescue room is located.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 573(E) — Procedure for testing breathing apparatus, flow meters and oxygen purity</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-573-2026-breathing-apparatus-testing</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-573-2026-breathing-apparatus-testing</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Lays down, under rule 131(5) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the procedure for testing breathing apparatus and flow meters, and for checking the purity of oxygen used in breathing apparatus.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 574(E) — Format for reporting accidents involving rescue apparatus</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-574-2026-rescue-apparatus-accident-reporting</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-574-2026-rescue-apparatus-accident-reporting</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Prescribes the format for reporting accidents involving rescue apparatus in mines, rescue stations or rescue rooms, under the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 575(E) — Code of signals for rescue team communication on breathing apparatus</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-575-2026-rescue-team-signals</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-575-2026-rescue-team-signals</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under rule 152(3) of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the code of signals rescue-trained persons must use to communicate while wearing breathing apparatus in belowground mines.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 576(E) — Courses of instruction and practice for initial training in rescue and recovery work</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-576-2026-initial-rescue-training-courses</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-576-2026-initial-rescue-training-courses</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Sets out the syllabus of instruction and practice for initial training in rescue and recovery work — including rope rescue using specified equipment — under the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 577(E) — Courses of instruction and practice for rescue-trained persons</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-577-2026-rescue-trained-persons-courses</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-577-2026-rescue-trained-persons-courses</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Sets out the continuing courses of instruction and practice required for persons already rescue-trained, under the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>G.S.R. 578(E) — Standard of medical examination for persons selected for rescue and recovery training</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/gsr-578-2026-rescue-trainee-medical-standard</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-gsr-578-2026-rescue-trainee-medical-standard</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Specifies, under clause (iii) of rule 140 of the OSH&amp;WC (Central) Rules 2026, the standard of medical examination for persons selected to undergo training in rescue and recovery work, together with the format of the medical record.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech) Circular 03 of 2026 — Standard properties of chemical additives for dust suppression in coal mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-circular-03-2026-dust-suppression-additives</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-dgms-tech-circular-03-2026-dust-suppression-additives</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Addressed to the owner, agent and manager of all coal mines and to manufacturers. It modifies Para 2(i) of DGMS Circular (Approval) No. 06 of 24 February 2015 so that the standard properties of chemical additives used as dust suppressants may be tested at other Government laboratories and test houses — not only at the four institutions named earlier (National Chemical Laboratory Pune, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Lucknow, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad and CIMFR Dhanbad). The aim is to keep toxic and hazardous chemicals out of dust-suppression materials.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>S.O. 2490(E) — Officers notified for composition of offences in mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/so-2490-2026-composition-of-offences-officers</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-so-2490-2026-composition-of-offences-officers</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Under section 114(1) of the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020, the Central Government notifies the officers empowered to compound offences in mines, with the jurisdiction of each.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>S.O. 2504(E) — Officers appointed to impose penalties under the OSH&amp;WC Code in mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/so-2504-2026-penalty-imposing-officers</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-so-2504-2026-penalty-imposing-officers</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Appoints the officers empowered to impose penalties under the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020 in the case of mines, specifying the areas each officer covers.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>S.O. 2516(E) — Maximum eight-hour shift for persons employed belowground</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/so-2516-2026-eight-hour-shift-belowground</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-so-2516-2026-eight-hour-shift-belowground</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Under section 25(1) of the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020, the Central Government notifies that persons employed in belowground workings of a mine shall not work more than eight hours in any shift in a day.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>S.O. 2488(E) — Appellate authority for mines under the OSH&amp;WC Code</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/so-2488-2026-appellate-authority-mines</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-so-2488-2026-appellate-authority-mines</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Under section 111(3) of the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020, the Central Government appoints the Gazetted officers to be the appellate authority for the purposes of the Code in the case of mines.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>S.O. 2515(E) — Appointment of Inspectors-cum-Facilitators of Mines</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/so-2515-2026-inspector-cum-facilitator-appointments</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-so-2515-2026-inspector-cum-facilitator-appointments</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Under section 34(1) of the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020, the Central Government appoints officers of the Directorate General of Mines Safety to be Inspector-cum-Facilitator of Mines, subordinate to the Chief Inspector-cum-Facilitator, superseding several earlier appointment notifications from 2002 onward.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>S.O. 2517(E) — Maximum five hours' continuous work with a half-hour interval</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/so-2517-2026-five-hour-continuous-work-interval</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-so-2517-2026-five-hour-continuous-work-interval</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Under section 25(1)(b) of the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020, the Central Government notifies that no person shall work more than five hours continuously without an interval of at least half an hour.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (Central) Rules, 2026</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/oshwc-code-central-rules-2026</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-oshwc-code-central-rules-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>The final Central Rules under the OSH&amp;WC Code 2020, notified as G.S.R. 345(E) on 8 May 2026. For mines the Central Government is the appropriate Government, so these Rules apply directly. They prescribe working conditions, welfare facilities, safety committees, health and working-hours requirements and employer duties, and supersede a long list of earlier rules including the Mines Rules 1955, the Mines Rescue Rules 1985 and the Mines Vocational Training Rules 1966.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech)(SOMA) Circular 02 of 2026 — Heat wave and high-temperature exposure precautions</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-02-2026-soma-related-technical-circular</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-dgms-tech-02-2026-soma-related-technical-circular</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Consolidating earlier heat-wave advisories, this circular directs all mines to protect workers from heat stress during peak summer, prescribing recognition of heat-illness symptoms and preventive measures against high-temperature accidents.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DGMS (Tech)(SOMA) Circular 01 of 2026 — Preventive measures against rising mine accidents</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/dgms-tech-01-2026-soma-related-technical-circular</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-dgms-tech-01-2026-soma-related-technical-circular</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS circular</category>
      <description>Analysing the 2022–2025 rise in fatal accidents (142/170 in coal, 144/184 in non-coal mines), this circular directs all mines to strengthen their Safety Management System against the leading causes — trackless machinery, HEMM, ground movement, explosives and falls from height.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Draft OSH&amp;WC (Coal Mines) Regulations, 2026</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/draft-oshwc-coal-mines-regulations-2026</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-draft-oshwc-coal-mines-regulations-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Draft</category>
      <description>The Draft Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Coal Mines) Regulations, 2026, published as G.S.R. 67(E) on 28 January 2026 for a 45-day public consultation. Framed under Section 136 of the OSH&amp;WC Code, 2020 (not the Mines Act, 1952), these draft regulations are intended eventually to replace the Coal Mines Regulations, 2017. The consultation window closed in March 2026 and, as at October 2026, no final notification has issued. IMPORTANT: this is a DRAFT and is NOT in force — CMR 2017 remains the operative law.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAQs on the Code on Social Security, 2020 (9 January 2026)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/faqs-on-social-security-code-dated-09-01-2026</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-faqs-on-social-security-code-dated-09-01-2026</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2026 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>This FAQ clarifies the Social Security Rules, covering optional digital versus physical submission of claims, registration as an entry point to schemes, amendment of rules by notification, mandatory separate maintenance and CAG audit of Social Security Funds, and protection of maternity-benefit claims against procedural rejection.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAQs on the Labour Codes (30 December 2025)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/faqs-on-labour-codes-dated-30-12-2025</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-faqs-on-labour-codes-dated-30-12-2025</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>This FAQ explains transitional application of old rules, the definition of &quot;wages&quot; and its components, the 50 percent allowance rule, the treatment of leave encashment, and provides worked illustrations of how allowances are added back to wages under the Labour Codes.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Draft Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (Central) Rules Notification (G.S.R. 934(E), 30 Dec 2025)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/draft-oshwc-central-rules-gsr-934e-2025</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-draft-oshwc-central-rules-gsr-934e-2025</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>DGMS notification</category>
      <description>Gazette notification of draft central rules under the OSH &amp; Working Conditions Code 2020 that would supersede the Mines Rules 1955, Mines Rescue Rules 1985, Mines Vocational Training Rules and other labour rules.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAQs on the Code on Wages, 2019 (24 December 2025)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/faqs-code-on-wages-2019-dated-24-12-2025</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-faqs-code-on-wages-2019-dated-24-12-2025</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>This FAQ explains key features of the Code on Wages, 2019, including its universal applicability across all employees, bonus eligibility for daily-wage workers, the floor-wage baseline, the revised wage definition, and the cap on total deductions at 50 percent of wages.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAQ on Myths and Realities of the Industrial Relations (IR) Code, 2020 (23 December 2025)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/faq-on-myths-and-realities-of-industrial-relation-ir-code-2020-dated-23-12-2025</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-faq-on-myths-and-realities-of-industrial-relation-ir-code-2020-dated-23-12-2025</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>This FAQ rebuts common misconceptions about the IR Code, 2020, clarifying that trade-union registration and the right to strike (with 14 days' notice) are retained, that retrenchment protections and compensation continue, and that prior government permission for retrenchment applies to establishments with 300 or more workers.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2025 (superseded on rule 9)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/colliery-control-amendment-rules-2025</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-colliery-control-amendment-rules-2025</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Ministry of Coal</category>
      <description>Notified as G.S.R. 917(E) on 23 December 2025, this amendment first replaced the Coal Controller's prior permission to open a coal mine with approval by the owner company's Board. Its rule 9 has since been substituted again by G.S.R. 710(E) of 6 August 2026, which is the operative text; this notification is retained for the amendment history.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAQs on the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH&amp;WC) Code, 2020 (19 December 2025)</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/faqs-on-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-osh-wc-code-2020-dated-19-12-202</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-faqs-on-occupational-safety-health-and-working-conditions-osh-wc-code-2020-dated-19-12-202</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>This FAQ addresses concerns about the OSH&amp;WC Code, 2020, clarifying that raising the factory and contract-labour thresholds does not remove worker protections, that 12-hour daily flexibility is subject to overtime at twice the wage, that night work for women requires consent and safeguards, and that inspector-cum-facilitators retain enforcement accountability.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Industrial Relations Code, 2020 — Transfer of Pending Cases Notification (S.O. 5683(E))</title>
      <link>https://mangalamcoal.com/regulations/industrial-relations-code-jharkhand-notification</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">mangalam-reg-industrial-relations-code-jharkhand-notification</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 Dec 2025 18:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <category>Labour Codes &amp; Rules</category>
      <description>Central Government notification (S.O. 5683(E), dated 8 December 2025) issued in connection with Sections 51 and 104 of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, providing for the transfer of cases pending before labour courts and tribunals under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 to the corresponding tribunals under the new Code upon its commencement on 21 November 2025.</description>
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